Developing low-cost, efficient, and stable photocatalysts is one of the most promising methods for large-scale solar water splitting. As a metal-free semiconductor material with suitable band gap, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted attention in the field of photocatalysis, which is mainly attributed to its fascinating physicochemical and photoelectronic properties. However, several inherent limitations and shortcomings—involving high recombination rate of photocarriers, insufficient reaction kinetics, and optical absorption—impede the practical applicability of g-C₃N₄. As an effective strategy, vacancy defect engineering has been widely used for breaking through the current limitations, considering its ability to optimize the electronic structure and surface morphology of g-C₃N₄ to obtain the desired photocatalytic activity. This review summarizes the recent progress of vacancy defect engineered g-C₃N₄ for solar water splitting. The fundamentals of solar water splitting with g-C₃N₄ are discussed first. We then focus on the fabrication strategies and effect of vacancy generated in g-C₃N₄. The advances of vacancy-modified g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts toward solar water splitting are discussed next. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of vacancy-modified g-C₃N₄ are summarized. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for future research on the design and development of highly efficient defective g-C₃N₄.

设计了一种基于双芯光纤耦合效应和游标效应的高灵敏度温度传感器，传感器是由2个相差一定长度的双芯光子晶体光纤和单模光纤级联构成。双芯光子晶体光纤通过级联实现游标效应，同时对纤芯中间的气孔填充乙醇实现温度传感。仿真结果表明，该温度传感器在35 ℃～45 ℃范围内的平均温度灵敏度可达−20.37 nm/℃。与单纯依靠双芯光子晶体光纤能量耦合效应的传感器相比，该传感器的温度检测灵敏度提高了10倍。